+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 1 (a) Coptic Letters similar to English Letters ------------ ----------------------------------------- Almost half the Coptic Alphabet is simmilar (in shape and some times phonatic expession) to the English Alphabet. Therefore, if you already know how to read english, you already 50% profficient in reading Coptic. Let's first learn the letters that look and sound like English letters: (below is the shape of the letter, its name, its ASCII equivelet (developed by Copt-Net), and its pronounciation) Note: some pron. rules will be included but not all, to avoid confusion, for ---- now. ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- ASCII Letter Shape Pron. ASCII Letter Shape Pron. ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- _ __ '_\ |__) 1. a Alpha (__\_ A 2. B Vita |__) B , V (as in ART) (Vita is pron. B if it comes at the end of a word) (BELL) (VALVE) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- __ _ /__` ' / 5. E Ei \__, E 7. Z Zeta /_ Z ' (As in BEST) (ZOO) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- | | / 10. I Yota | I 11. K Kabba |< K | | \ (SIT) (LIKE) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- | | |\ | 13. M Me |\_/| M 14. N Ne | \| N | | | | (MOON) (NEAR) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- __ __ 16. O O / \ O 19. C Sima / ` S \__/ \__, (CORE) (CITY) (Sima is always pron. an S, never K) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- _____ | / \ 20. T Tav | T 25. W Oou \_0_/ OU (TEST) (HOPE),(SOAP) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- Now let's see the letters that look like English letters but are pron. diffrently ------------------------------- ------------------------------- | | __ 8. H Eeta |--| ee | ) | | 18. P Ro |-' R (FEET) | (ROAD) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- _ _ \ / 23. X Khe X K (COOK) _/ \_ SH (SHOWER) KH (ARABIC "KHIAR" Cucumber) Now that you know 1/2 the Coptic Language, let's read some easy words using these letters: word meaning ---- ------- aBBa Ava (father, as in bishop) "ANBA" TaOC Peacock Cappa Sari (Abraham's wife) `CNE The city of Esna in Egypt CIP Well "ZEER" ZaXaPIa Zakaria BEPCIM Grass "Barseem" CWK Close KHK Cake CINa The city of Sinai, Egypt ANTWNIOC Anthony + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 2 (B) Seven More Letters ------------ ------------------ Let's now learn about 7 extra letters: ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- ASCII Letter Shape Pron. ASCII Letter Shape Pron. ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- ___ '\ 3. 5 Ghamma [ ` G (Good) 4. d Dhelta /\ TH _) GH (Ghabriel) /__\ (Thy) N (No) D (Do) 5 is pron. GH (arabic letter Ghen) if d is pron. D only only if it's a followed by: E, I, H, Y person's name 5 is pron. N if two (55) follow each other ------------------------------- ------------------------------- _ _____ ' \ | | 12. ^ Lola / \ L (Lamb) 17. n Pi | | P / \ (Paul) ------------------------------- ------------------------------- __ _ _ '__) \/ 29. 2 Hory / H (Hot) 30. G Genga /\ G \__) /__\ (Get) J (Joke) G is pron. J only if followed by: E, I, H ------------------------------- ------------------------------- (_|_| 26. y Shy | SH (Show) \___/ Now let's read some words using the letters we just learned: Word Meaning ---- ------- adaM Adam naCXa Passover TEMCA2 Alligator 2EI^a2WB Let's Work (He-la-hop) naPaK^HT Paraklet (The Comforter) EMyHP The Coptic month of Amshir nayONC The Coptic month of Pashans AnIn The Coptic month of Apip COK2HT Hiccup (Zo-ghot-ta) XO^HPa Cholera OP5anon Organ a5IOC Holy ^OTOC Lotus TPaneZa Table a5anH Love aBBa 2adId St. Hadid BaPBaPa Barbra PaMCHC Ramsis ana KIP Abu Keer, Egypt aGnIa The book of the Hours (Agpia) yonPa Shobra, Egypt Try to read these words quickly: KWBab Shesh Kabab CaMIT pritzel CAXAP sugar CIMCIM Sesame IaPET "I Wish" XaKI darkness WCaNNa Osanna, Hosanna nana Pope CEdPaK Sedrak IcPaH^ Isreal aGn time XOPOC Chorus KOPBaN Holy Bread 2a^aK Earring yInyIn slippers 2ECa noise GWM Book + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 3 (5) Five More Letters ------------ ----------------- Let's now learn about 5 extra letters: ----------------------------------------- ASCII Letter Shape Pron. ----------------------------------------- __ / \ 9. 8 Theta |--| TH (Think) \__/ T (Tree) if followed by : y, T, M, C ------------------------------- |\ /-+-\ PH (Pharmacy) 22. Q Fi \_|_/ | ------------------------------- ) + ( [P + S] Psalmody 24. + Epsi (__|__) | ------------------------------- , 27. q Fay (__| F (Fish) | ------------------------------- _|___ 32. t Tee `| [T + I] or [T + ee] | (Teepee) | Here are some examples to help you use the above letters: Word Meaning ---- ------- a8aNaCIOC Athansius 5O^5o8a Golgotha CEPaQHM Seraphim Qa^aqE^ Falafel QI^InnOC Philip +a^MOdia Psalmody +a^I Psali +a^MOC Psalm ^EqT Beets qOTE Towel ^aKaNH Unction (Lakan) tB^a Drum tEPECTO^I Epistle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 4 (d) The Last Five Letters ------------ --------------------- Let's look at the last 5 letters: ----------------------------------------- ASCII Letter Shape Pron. ----------------------------------------- _ 6. e Soo (_`- Soo (The only use of this letter is the (_, number 6, and always has a bar _ ------------------------------- (which denotes a number) over it): e ___ `_/ [K + C] (six) 15. 3 Exi / (_, ------------------------------- V: if Y followes an a or E, it is a V 21. Y Epsilon '\/` (Nave) () O: if Y followes an O, it is another O (Loop) E: otherwise it is an E (Hymn) ------------------------------- __ _/ KH (The Arabic KH sound, like "Kham-sa" 28. J Khay \ the number 5) \__) ------------------------------- __, /_ CH (Choke, Church) 31. 6 Tsheema (__) Try reading these words: Word Meaning ----_ ------- aGn e Sixth hour OP8OdO3ON Orthodox dO3O^O5Ia Doxology (praise) a3IOC Worthy EYa Eve CNaY two Ma^aY Malawy, Egypt a^^H^OYIA Alleluia NaNOYC Doll KY8aPa Harp nIIJ Ghost (Should never say 'nIIJ' to a child (or adult) naJWMIOC Pachomios 6WM `NNICIM "Sham en-neseem" MO^OXIa "Molo-kh-ia" QY^ICTIM Palistine CYMQWNIa Symphony MYPON Christmation oil "Mayroon" yOYPH Censer aQPYKIa Africa EMMaNOYH^ Emmanuel Now that you have learned ALL the Coptic Letters of the Coptic Language, Let's try to use it. If you are like me, You're going to need some motivation, so here it is. I am going to give you HOMEWORK!! I would like EVERYONE this week to write his/her full name in COPTIC and post it on the digest... This shoul be fun, as well as a good learning tool. I'll start you off. Gerges Abdelmesih Gad 5EP5EC aBdELMECI2 5ad + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 5 (E) The Rule of the GINKIM {`} ------------ --------------------------- In addition to the Coptic letters, the Coptic Language also make use of a dot-like phonatic symbol. The GINKIM was not part of the original language, but was added to help readers pronounce the words. There are various forms for the GINKIM (` ' ) and though some argue that the shape affects the open- ing of the mouth, it's generally accepted that they're all pronounced alike. The Rule: --------- I. When it comes over a vowel letter, it splits the word, because the letter must be pronounced by itself. A. First, we need to know the Coptic vowel letters; The way I learned them is to first write the English vowel letters and then match their Coptic counterparts: (English) A E I O U (Coptic) a E, H I O, Y W Note: Y is considered a vowel because when it follows an O, it is pronounced an O; some authers consider OY rather than just Y as a vowel B. Examples: a`aPWN is pron. A_a_roon means Aaron MaPI`a Mari_a Mary `EBO^ E_VOL Of nEK`HnOC PEK_EE_POC Your Garden II. When GINKIM comes over a consonant letter, an "e" sound proceeds the letter. A. For Example: `K = EK `M = EM `N = EN `d = Ed B. Real Examples: `K`CMaPWOYT is pron. EK-ES-MARO-OOT means Blessed `NNOYB EN-NOB The Gold `XPICTOC EKH-RIS-TOS Christ `MMaPIaM EM-MARIAM Of Mary III. Try reading these words: Word Meaning ---- ------- aK`I (He) Came 8E`OTOKOC Mother of God `EPON (unto) us a^^H^OYIa Alleluia `E2OOY The day EI`E`I I go in `a5IOC Holy (Greek) `XOYaB Holy (Coptic) t`TPIaC The Trinity `NTE Of `nPECBYTEPOC Presbyters (priests) `QPaN The Name yEn`2MOT Thank (you) `anOCTO^OC Apostle `a^H8WC Truely nI`WOY The Glory `aMHN Amen + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 6 (e) The Coptic Numbers ------------ ------------------ The Coptic numbers are written as letters with bars on top, and they follow the Coptic alphabet order. # Coptic # Name _ 1 a OYaI _ 2 B `CNaY _ 3 5 yOMT _ 4 d `qTOY _ 5 E `TIOY _ 6 e COOY _ 7 Z yayq _ 8 H `yMHN _ 9 8 +HT _ 10 I MHT __ 11 Ia MHT OYaI (combination of 10 and 1) __ 12 IB MHT `CNAY . . . _ 20 K GOYT __ 21 Ka GOYT OYaI . . . _ 30 ^ Man _ 40 M `2ME _ 50 N TEBI _ 60 3 CE _ 70 O `yBE _ 80 n JEMNE _ 90 q nICTAY _ 100 P yE _ 200 C `CNaY-yE (2 & 100) _ 300 T yOMT-yE . . . Do these math exercises: _ _ a + e = ? _ _ B + H = ? _ _ d + 8 = ? _ _ K - Z = ? _ _ 5 * I = ? __ _ Md / d = ? _ _ _ _ __ 5 * [N - (E * Z) + IH] = ? Answers to the Coptic Math Exercise: _ _ _ a + e = Z _ _ _ B + H = I _ _ __ d + 8 = I5 _ _ __ K - Z = I5 _ _ _ 5 * I = ^ __ _ _ Md / d = I _ _ _ _ __ __ 5 * [N - (E * Z) + IH] = q8 Some numbers that are often used in the church: _ d `NZWON `NaCWMaTOC 4 incorporeal creatures _ Z `NaPXHa55E^OC 7 archangels __ IB `N`anOCTO^OC 12 apostles __ Kd `M`nPECBYTEPOC 24 Priests _ M `NE2OOY 40 days __ PN `NTE KWCTaNTINOYnO^IC 150 at Constantinople _ C `NTE `EQECOC 200 at Ephesus ___ TIH `ETaY8WOYt JEN NIKE`a 318 assembled at Nicea (yOMT-yE MHT-`yMHN) _ _ _ P M d `NyO (ye `2ME `qTOY `NyO) 144,000 [yO = 1000] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 7 (Z) Words for Common Conversation ------------ ----------------------------- Here are some Coptic words that you can easily learn and use in common conversations. CE Yes AMHN Amen naCON My brother TaCWNI My sister nENIWT Our father naIWT My father TaMaY My mother nENNHB Our master [Sai-ied-na] `MMHNI Always EIPHNH naCI Peace be with all NOqPI Happy (greeting) yaI Feast yE `NPOMnI (for) a hundred years [3oq-bal meet sa-na] yEn`2MOT Thanks aPI`2MOT Welcome, Come on [Ta-fad-dal] NaNE POY2I Good "day" [Na-Har Sa-eed] NaNE aTOOYI Good morning NaNEq Good, fine `MMON No naIPHt aN Not so CE `MnaIPHt yes, like so `QNOYt NEMAK God with you IHCOYC nIXPICTOC Jesus Christ nInaTPIaPXHC The Patriarch `MMHTPOnO^ITHC The Metropolitan `N`EnECKOnOC The Bishop aBBa yENOYt Ava Shenouda OYGaI JEN `n6OIC "(Be) Saved of the Lord" [this is used as a farewell, i.e. "Goodbye"] Try to form these simple sentences: ----------------------------------- Yes, brother Steven. No, thanks. Good (Happy) Feast. Not so, sister Maria. Jesus Christ is always with you. Good Morning, father. Welcome, our master (sai-ied-na). Thank you, Bishop Youssef. Goodbye, Fr. Michael. The Patriarch, Ava Shenouda is with us. Answers: ------- Yes, brother Steven. CE, naCON `CTEQANOC. No, thanks. `MMON, yEn`2MOT Good (Happy) Feast. NOqPI yaI Not so, sister Maria. naIPHt aN, TaCWNI MaPI`a Jesus Christ is always with you. IHCOYC nIXPICTOC `MMHNI NEMaK Good Morning, father. NaNE aTOOYI, naIWT Welcome, our master (sai-ied-na). aPI`2MOT, nENNHB. Thank you, Bishop Youssef. yEn`2MOT, `EnECKOnOC IWCHQ. Goodbye, Fr. Michael. OYGaI, nENIWT MIXaH^. or OYGaI JEN `n6OIC, nENIWT MIXaH^. The Patriarch, Ava Shenouda is with us. nInaTPIaPXHC aBBa yENOYt NEMAN. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 8 (H) The Holy Bible ------------ -------------- nIGWM E8OYaB The Holy Book (Bible) is divided into two parts: tdIa8HkH `NanaC The Old Testament NEM and tdIa8HKH `MBEPI The New Testament tdIa8HkH `NanaC ............... contains: + NIGWM `NTE MW`YCHC The Book of Moses + NIGWM `N2ICTOPIKH The Historical Books + NI`nPOQHTHC The Prophets |___NINIyt |___Major |___NIKOYGI |___Minor + NI+a^MOC The Psalms + nIGW `NTE NIGW The Song of songs + NInaPAMOIa The Proverbs tdIa8HKH `MBEPI ............... contains: + NIEYa55E^ION KaTa: The Gospel according to: MaT8EON Matthew MaRKON Mark ^OYKaN Luke IWaNHN John + NInPa3IC Praxis (Acts) + NIEnICTO^H The Epistles naY^OC `nPOC .... (of) Paul to .... Ka8O^HKON `NTE .... Katholic (epistles) of .... + tanOKa^YM+IC Revelation (Apocalypse) + + + We can learn from the previous simple discription of the Bible that there are 3 types of articles used in the Coptic Language: nI - `n - `Q for masculine singular t - `T - `8 feminine singular NI - NEN plural There is no major difference between the use of any of the above articles other than that `Q and `8 can only be used if the word begins with one of the following letters: B - M - N - I - O - ^ - P Examples: -------- `QBWK The Servant `8BaKI The City `QIWT The Father `8MaY The Mother `QPaN The Name `8NEGI The Womb i.e. you can use nIPWMI instead of `QPWMI (The Man) nIPaN `QPan (The Name) The only exceptions are that (The Father) is always `QIWT because nIIWT means barley, and (The King) was never written as `QOYPO (though it starts with O), but is always `nOYPO or nIOYPO It all depends on the ease of pronunciation. + + + Exercise: --------- See if you can fill in the missing article appropriately. Keep in mind ease of pronunciation and the rule of `Q and `8. _MWIT `NTE _OYGaI The way of (the) Salvation _Na2t `MMHI `NTE NH`E8OYaB The true faith of the saints _OYTa2 `NTE __2WB The fruit of the Work _NOY2EM `NTE __+YXH The salvation of the souls _GOM `NTE _NOYt The Power of God _OYPO `NTE _2IPHNH The King of Peace Answers ------- See if you can fill in the missing article appropriately. Keep in mind ease of pronunciation and the rule of `Q and `8. `QMWIT `NTE nInOYGaI The way of (the) Salvation -- -- `QNa2t `MMHI `NTE NH`E8OYaB The true faith of the saints -- `nOYTa2 `NTE nI2WB The fruit of the Work -- -- `QNOY2EM `NTE NI+YXH The salvation of the souls -- -- tGOM `NTE `QNOYt The Power of God - -- `nOYPO `NTE t2IPHNH The King of Peace + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 9 (8) Time ------------ ---- We read the time off taGn `NTE tGOI (The time on the wall [clock]) or tagn `NTE tGIG (The time of the hand [watch]) tOYNOY HOUR nICOYCOY MINUTE nIIaT SECOND NI`6^H THE HANDS OF THE CLOCK ECCOYTWN EXACT ECWCK BEHIND ECIWC AHEAD |-------------------------------------------| | OYHP TE tagn? WHAT TIME IS IT? | |-------------------------------------------| Hours: ------ _ a OY`I one _ B `CNOYt two _ __ 5 yOMt three __ IB _ _ _ Ia a _ d `qTO`E four I B _ _ 8 5 _ _ _ E `TIE five H _ _ d _ Z _ E e CO`E six e _ Z yayqI seven _ H `yMHNI eight _ 8 +It nine _ I MHt ten __ Ia MHTOY`I eleven __ IB MET`CNOYt twelve ++ Note: Hours are Feminine |--------------------------------------------------| | taGn TE yOMt The Time is 3 (o'clock) | | taGn TE +Ht The Time is 9 (o'clock) | |--------------------------------------------------| Minutes: -------- _ a NEM `TIOY and five (minutes) _ B NEM MHT and ten _ __ 5 NEM PE`qTOY and a quarter __ IB _ _ _ Ia a _ d NEM PEyOMT and a third I B _ _ 8 5 _ _ _ E NEM OYQayI `EBH^ `TIOY H _ _ d and half (minus) five Z _ E _ e e NEM OYQayI and a half _ Z NEM OYQayI NEM `TIOY and half (plus) five _ H `EBH^ Peyomt minus a third _ 8 `EBH^ PE`TOY minus a quarter _ I `EBH^ MHT minus ten __ Ia `EBH^ `TIOY minus five __ IB JEN OYGWK (Exactly) ++ Notes: Minutes are Masculine to make any number into a fractional part, add PE |----------------------------------------------------------------| | taGn `CNOYt TE NEM OYQayI The time is 2 and a half | | taGn `CNOYt TE NEM OYQayI `EBH^ `TIOY `NCOYCOY | | The time is 2 and a half minus five minutes | |----------------------------------------------------------------| Exercise 9: ----------- See if you can write these times in Coptic |-------------------------------------------| | OYHP TE taGn? WHAT TIME IS IT? | |-------------------------------------------| 12:00 3:00 7:35 2:20 12:15 8:13 4:55 5:00 (exactly) 11:40 2:49 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ Lesson 10 (I) The Church Sacraments (Mysteries) ------------ --------------------------------- NIMYCTHPION `NTE tEK`K^HCI`a (The Mysteries of the Church) ............................ nIGINWMC The Baptism nI8W2C `E8OYaB The Holy Ointment IE or nIMYPON The Chrism (Myron) nIOYWN2 `EBO^ The Confession nIGIN6I The Eucharist IE or nIyOYyWOYyI `E8OYaB The Holy Sacrifice nIGINTWMI The Matrimony tMETOUHB The Priesthood nI8W2C `NNHETyWNI The ointment of the sick + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lesson 11 (Ia) The Indefinite Articles -------------- ----------------------- There are two indefinite articles used in the Coptic Language OY (a, an) singular (masculine and feminine) 2aN (some) plural (masculine and feminine) Examples: --------- OYdI`a8HKH a covenant OY`a^OY a youth OY2HT a heart OY`E2OOY a day OYIaB an elephant 2aN`6^I^ (some) offerings 2aNWI^I rams 2aNMaCI bulls 2aN`yQHp friends Exercise 11: ------------ Fill in the blank with the appropriate article: I have: a Mother, a father, sisters and brothers. OYONt : ( )MaY, ( )IWT, ( )CWNI NEM ( )`CNHOY. I have: a wife, children, boys and girls. OYONt : ( )`C2IMI, ( )a^WOY`I, ( )yHPI NEM ( )yEPI. In our church : a Patriarch, (some) Metropolitans, bishops, priests, deacons and a congregation. JEN TENEK`K^HCI`a: ( )naTPIaPXHC, ( )MHTPOnO^HTHC, ( )`EnICKOnOC, ( )OYHB, ( )dIaKWN NEM ( )^aOC. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coptic Test I ------------- I. Match the Following Coptic letters with the correct phonetic sound: (7 points) Sound Letter ===== ====== ____ B,V n ____ D,Z + ____ Th 2 ____ L ^ ____ P B ____ H d ____ Psi 8 II. The rule of the Epsilon: What would be the phonatic sound of the epsilon as used in the following ways: (3 points) aY = ? EY = ? OY = ? III. Coptic Numbers: solve the following math problems: (6 points) _ _ a + e = _ _ B + H = _ _ d + 8 = IV. Common Coversation: Try to form these simple sentences: (8 points) Yes, brother Steven. No, thanks. Good (Happy) Feast. Good Morning, father. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lesson 12 (IB) Church Vocabulary -------------- ----------------- tEK`K^HCIa `NTE nIa5IOC MaPKOC The Church of (the)St. Mark tEK`K^HCIa (`nHI `NTE `QNOYT) `NTE nINIyt `MMaPTYPOC The Church (The House of God) of the great Martyr MaPKOC TE JEN nENnO^IC. Mark is in our city. Ic QaI nE nENIWT nIyWI : NaI NE NIdIaKWN JEN There this is (our)Father Bishoy: These are the Deacons in _ nIy^H^ `NTE nI`aPOU2I : tNOY taGn Te e NEM OYQayI. the prayer of the Vespers: Now the time is 6 and half. >From the previous short passage about the church, you can learn a lot of new vocabulary words. I'll show you some, and you can do the rest: First let's review some things that'll make it easier to know the root words: tE = nI = NI = The `n = `M = `Q = The `NTE = of nEN = our Now let's learn some vocabulary: EK`K^HCIa = Church a5IOC = Saint (Holy) Note: This is Greek, The Coptic word for (holy, saint) is E8OYaB HI = House NOYt = god `QNOYt = God NIyt = Great MaPTYPOC = Martyr MaPKOC = Mark nO^IC = City + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + __ Lesson 13 (I5) The Conjunctions -------------- ---------------- Generally we can say that the article (OYO2) is used to join sentences and verbs, but the article (NEM) is used to join adjectives and nouns. Examples: OYO2: And (Conjuncting verbs) `N8Oq aqGOC OYO2 aYyWnI. He said and it was. `N8Oq aq2ON2EN OYO2 aYCWNT. He ordered and it was created. nI`CBOY`I aqWy OYO2 aq`CJaI `MnIWy. The pupil read and wrote the lesson. (Conjuncting sentences) ...OYO2 MaTOYBON `EBO^2a 8W^EB NIBEN... ...and purify us from all uncleanliness. NEM: And (Conjuncting nouns) aNOK nE taNaCTaCIC NEM nIWNJ. I am the resurrection and life. `CMOY `EPOq nIPH NEM nIIO2. Praise Him O Sun and Moon. IWaKIM NEM aNNa... Yoakim and Anna Exercise 13: Read the following using one word from each column + OYO2 to make practical sentences: ________ PWIC + | OYO2 | + `y^H^ + W naCON Watch | And | Pray O my brother -------- Wy `CJaI Read Write CWTEM CaGI Listen Speak OYWM CW Eat Drink NE2CI MOyI Wake up walk _____ aYIC + `MnIGWM + | NEM | + nIKAy give the book | And | the pencil _______ aPI`2MOT `MnIWIK nIa^WM take the bread the cheese `NtyOYPH nI`C8OINOYqI the censer the incense `MnI`CTaYPOC NIMO^2 the cross the candles + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + __ Lesson 14 (Id) Vocabulary -------------- ---------- Last time we talked about the Conjunctions and said that the article (OYO2) is used to join sentences and verbs, but the article (NEM) is used to join adjectives and nouns. Let's look at some passages used in our church and notice the use of these conjuctions and also learn some new vocabulary: >From the First Hos (Canticle): .............................. TOTE aq2WC `NGE MW`YCHC NEM NENyHPI `MnICPaH^ ~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ Then he praised Moses and the sons of Israel ~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~ `ETaI2WdH `NTE n6OIC OYO2 aqGOC E8POYGOC : ~~~~~^^^^ with this song of the Lord and (he)said [to say]*: ~~~~~~~~~ ^^^^ GE MaPEN2WC `En5OIC : GE JEN OY`WOY 5aP aq6I`WOY. ~~~ let us praise the Lord: for with glory he took glory. ~~~~~~ * He (Moses) sang and said the song to lead the children of Isreal [to say]. The Introduction to the Gospel said by the priest: .................................................. nEN6OIC OYO2 nENNOYt OYO2 nENCWTHP OYO2 nENOYOPO THPEN ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ Our Lord and our God and our savior and our King all ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ IHCOYC nIXPICTOC `nyHPI `MQNOYt ETONJ ~~~~ ~~ Jesus Christ the son of God the Living ~~~ ~~ nI`WOY Naq ya `ENE2. ~~~~ the Glory to Him for ever. ~~~~~ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +